Look inside the era of warehouse parties and PLUR during the blossoming of rave fashion and culture in the 1990s.
In the early 1990s, a nascent culture coalesced around electronic dance music and their concerts, referred to commonly as raves. Home to eclectic and diffuse genres like house, trance, and techno, the rave scene evolved into a subculture bound together with a distinctive ethos, a unique fashion sensibility, and an adventurous spirit to drug use, particularly ecstasy.
The drug’s popularization, along with the clandestine nature of rave parties, would bring ravers even closer to one another over the years. Indeed, the mantra “Peace Love Unity Respect,” better known as PLUR, underpinned what ravers sought in each other and in the raves themselves. Below, we look at twenty-nine engrossing images of the underground rave scene as it grew throughout the 1990s:
Ravers often wore multi-colored plastic bracelets known as "kandi," which often featured the words "peace love unity respect." Those who wore them were referred to as "kandi kids."MDMA, also known as Ecstasy or Molly, became the recreational drug of choice. Its popularity stemmed from the fact that its effects — euphoric feelings and heightened sensations — complemented the atmosphere of raves.Alexander BaldwinPacifiers became staple raver paraphernalia, as they helped to offset the jaw-clenching and teeth grinding common with MDMA usage.Glowsticking and other visual dance routines were among the most popular in electronic dance.WikimediaAlexander BaldwinBecause raves were often unauthorized, promoters relied on word of mouth and flyers to draw in audiences. In the above, a flyer promotes a weekly party called NASA held in Tribeca, New York.DJ ScottoThe emergence of rave culture commingled with local social and party groups as well. The "Club Kids" — an infamous group of New York partiers — began to host raves at Limelight, which became the premier destination for electronic music in New York City in the early 1990s.Alexis Di BiasioAlexis Di BiasioAs the popularity of electronic music rose in Western Europe, promoters began to build permanent venues for these events — especially in unused industrial buildings. In the photo above is Bunker, an abandoned storage facility that was converted into a nightclub for electronic music performances in the early 1990s.Zeit MaschineZeit MaschineBy the late 1990s, electronic music artists began to experience some mainstream popularity. Fatboy Slim, Crystal Method, and Prodigy all released platinum albums by the turn of the century.Crystal MethodWhile often held in abandoned urban spaces, raves that took advantage of open rural land also became de rigueur. Dune 4, for example, was held in the southern California desert.WikimediaBy the end of the decade, public concern about drug use at raves brought heightened scrutiny from law enforcement. In the above, police break up a party called "Vibe Tribe" in Melbourne, Australia.WikimediaRaves were often all ages events, making them popular destinations for those unable to get into traditional clubs or music venues.WikimediaAlexander BaldwinAlexander BaldwinBy the late 1990s, electronic music and raves had spread worldwide. In the photo above, a woman attends the 1995 opening of a club in Beijing.Peter Charlesworth / Getty ImagesAlexander BaldwinAlexander BaldwinGetty ImagesUniversal Images Group / Getty ImagesAlexander Baldwin
And we'd be remiss if we didn't share a couple of our favorite videos from some 1990s raves:
